전자 체온계의 종류와 체온 재는 법, Electronic thermometers and how to take temperature

전자 체온계의 종류와 체온 재는 법, Electronic thermometers and how to take temperature

사진 2-105.병원 산실에서 미숙아로 태어난 쌍둥 아들.

신생아의 두부의 피부 면적은, 특히 미숙아들의 경우 전신의 총 피부 면적의 상당 부분을 차지한다. 신체에서 열이 방출되는 것을 방지하기 위해 몸을 적절히 잘 싸주고 머리에 모자를 씌워 체열이 상살 되지 않게 예방한다.

Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD., FAAP

사진 2-106. 신생아의 체온을 겨드랑이나 항문에서 잴 수 있다. 그 중 항문에서 잰 체온이 더 정확하다. 재래식 수은 체온계로 신생아 체온을 재는 대신 전자 체온계로 신생아 체온을 잴수도 잇다

Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD., FAAP

출처 및 참조 문헌 

• [부모도 반의사가 되어야 한다- 소아가정간호 백과]-제 1권 소아청소년 응급의료-고열이 날 때, 열성 경련,
• 신생아 탈수 열,
• 신생아가 열이 날 때,
• 미숙신생아 체온 조절,
• 신생아가 열이 나면 어떻게 하나요,
• 열이 날 때 참조.

신생아의 정상 체온

1. 신생아들의 정상 체온은 36.5∼37.5℃이다.
2. 신생아의 체온을 정상으로 유지하기 위해 다음과 같은 처치가 필요하다.
3. 방안의 온도를 27∼31℃ 정도로 유지한다.
4. 방안의 습도를 30∼60%로 유지한다.
5. 출생 후 가능하면 신생아의 피부에 묻은 양수, 태지, 피 등을 부드럽고 깨끗한 물수건으로 잘 닦아 준 후 따뜻한 담요 등으로 적절히 싸준다.
6. 갓 태어난 신생아를 담요 등으로 너무 덥게 싸주거나 방안의 온도가 너무 높으면 신생아 체온이 39∼40℃까지 올라갈 수 있다.
7. 주위 온도가 너무 높아 신생아의 체온이 정상 이상으로 올라가면 숨을 가쁘게 쉬고 호흡이 빨라져 신생아에게 빈호흡증이 생길 수 있다.
8. 분만 전이나 분만 중 어떤 감염병을 앓는 엄마로부터 태어난 신생아에게 고열이 날 수 있다.
9. 실내 온도, 신생아가 입은 옷, 신생아를 얼마나 많이 싸주느냐에 따라 신생아 체온이 변할 수 있다.
10. 아침 낮 저녁 기온의 변화에 따라, 실내 온도, 옷, 덮는 이불 등을 적절히 조절해서 신생아 체온을 적절히 조절한다.
11. 태어난 이후 신생아 체온을 잘 조절해 신생아가 춥거나 덥지 않게 하는데 부모의 깊는 사려가 많이 요한다.

사진 2-107. 요즘 전자 체온계로 소아들의 체온을 잴 때가 많다.

Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD., FAAP 

• 전자 체온계에는 외이도 속에서 재는 전자 체온계, 
• 이마에서 재는 전자 체온계, 
• 측두에서 재는 측두 동맥 전자 체온계(www.exergen.com) 등 여러 종류의 전자 체온계가 있다. 
• 최고급 즉석 귀 체온계, 
• 브라운 귀 체온계, 
• 디지털 체온계 등에 관해서 여기서 주로 설명한다.

최고급 즉석 귀 체온계 Deluxe instant ear thermometer

• 최고급 즉석 귀 체온계는 몇 초 내 외이도 내 체온을 잴 수 있다. 
• 체온이 측정되면 체온계의 위쪽 끝 부위에서 불이 켜지고 삐삐 소리가 나서 체온이 다 재진 것을 쉽게 알 수 있다. 
• 바로 전 잰 체온이 체온계에 나타나기 때문에 전에 쟀던 체온과 금방 잰 체온을 비교할 수 있다. 
• 외이도 속에 들어갈 수 있을 정도로 체온계의 끝 부분을 프로브 커버로 커버한 후 프로브 커버 끝 부분을 1초 동안 외이도 속에 넣고 체온을 잰다. 
• 섭씨 체온과 화씨 체온을 동시 읽을 수 있다. 
• 체온을 잰 후 자동적으로 체온계의 전력이 꺼진다. 
• 미국 내 월그린 약국 등에서 $29.99에 판매된다(2009년 현재).

브라운 귀 체온계 Braun ear thermometer 

• 브라운 귀 체온계로 몇 초 내 체온을 외이도 내에서 잴 수 있다. 
• 체온이 재졌을 때는 삐삐소리가 난다. 
• 모든 연령층 남녀노소의 체온을 잴 때 쓸 수 있다. 
• 고막 혈관에서 방열되는 온도를 재서 체온이 얼마인지 알 수 있다. 
• 미국 내 월그린 약국 등에서 $47.59에 판매되고 있다(2009년도 현재).

디지털 체온계  Digital thermometer

• 디지털 체온계로 체온을 쟀을 때 삐삐 소리가 난다. 
• 전에 잰 체온도 기억할 수 있는 장치가 있다. 
• 이 체온계로 구강 체온, 항문 체온, 겨드랑 체온도 잴 수 있다. 

구강 체온을 잴 때

• 체온을 재기 바로 전에 구강 온도를 보통 이상으로 높일 수 있거나 또는 낮출 수 있는 뜨거운 음식물이나 찬 음식물을 먹지 말고 체온을 높일 수 있는 육체적 운동을 하지 않은 상태에서 구강체온을 재는 것이 중요하다. 
• 그 외에 담배도 피지 않은 상태에서 체온을 잰다.
• 체온계의 끝 부분을 프로브 커버로 덥고 혀 밑 깊숙이 60초 동안 넣고 있으면 구강체온을 잴 수 있다.

항문 체온을 잴 때 

• 디지털 체온계로 구강에서 체온을 잴 수 없는 영유아들의 체온을 잴 때는 주로 항문에서 체온을 잰다. 
• 또 영유아들이 아니더라도 구강체온을 재기가 어려울 때는 항문에서 항문체온을 재는 것이 좋다. 
• 항문체온을 잴 때 디지털 체온계의 끝 부분을 프로브 커버로 덮고 거기에다 윤활 젤리를 바른다. 
• 그리고 프로브 커버를 덮은 체온계 끝 부분의 약 1.25cm 정도를 항문 속에 넣고 체온을 잰다. 삐삐 소리가 날 때 체온계를 항문 속에서 뺀다. 
• 사용한 후 프로브 커버를 버리고 체온계를 닦은 후 보관한다. 

겨드랑 체온을 잴 때 

• 겨드랑을 마른 수건으로 살짝 닦는다.
• 프로브 커버를 씌운 체온계 끝 부분을 겨드랑 속에 넣고 약 5초 또는 그 이상 기다려서 체온을 잰다.
• 빅스 속도 체온계 등 전자 체온계   Vicks speed read thermometer, Digital under 9 second thermometer, Easy read 10 second thermometer, Basal digital thermometer for ovulation
• 여러 종류의 전자 체온계가 미국에서는 사서 쓸 수 있다.
• 전자 체온계를 사서 사용하기 전에 사용법을 잘 읽고 그에 따라 체온을 재는 것이 중요하다.
• 이상 설명한 전자 체온계 이 외에 Mercury free oral thermometer도 있다.

• 소아과에서 정기 건강검진을 받을 때 어떤 종류의 전자 체온계가 좋은가 그 사용법에 관해서 문의하는 것도 좋을 것이다.

Electronic thermometers and how to take temperature

Picture 2-105.

Twin sons born to premature babies in the hospital’s birthroom.

The skin area of ​​the head of a newborn, especially in the case of premature babies, accounts for a significant portion of the total skin area of ​​the whole body. To prevent heat from being released from the body, wrap the body properly and put a hat on the head to prevent the body heat from being hurt. Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD., FAAP

Photo 2-106.

A newborn’s body temperature can be measured in the armpit or anus.

Among them, the body temperature measured in the anus is more accurate. Instead of measuring the newborn’s temperature with a conventional mercury thermometer, it is possible to measure the newborn’s temperature with an electronic thermometer.

Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD., FAAP

Sources and references www.drleepediatrics.com-Vol. 1 Emergency medical care for children and adolescents-High fever, febrile convulsions,

Newborn dehydration fever,

When a newborn has a fever,

Body temperature control of premature newborns,

What to do if your newborn has a fever,

See when your child has a fever. 

Normal body temperature in newborns

• The normal body temperature of newborns is 36.5~37.5℃.
• In order to keep the newborn’s body temperature normal, the following treatments are required.
• Keep the room temperature around 27~31℃.
• Keep the humidity in the room at 30-60%.
•  After birth, if possible, wipe off the amniotic fluid, skin, and blood on the newborn’s skin with a soft, clean wet towel and wrap it properly with a warm blanket.
• If a newborn baby is wrapped too warm with a blanket or the room temperature is too high, the newborn’s body temperature can rise to 39-40℃.
• If the ambient temperature is too high and the newborn’s body temperature rises above normal, it can cause short breathing and rapid breathing, which can lead to tachypnea in the newborn.
• High fever can occur in newborns born to mothers who have some infectious disease before or during delivery.
• The temperature of the newborn baby can change depending on the room temperature, the clothes the newborn wears, and how much wraps the newborn baby.
• According to the change of temperature in the morning, day and night, the temperature of the newborn baby is properly controlled by appropriately adjusting the room temperature, clothes, and blankets.
• After birth, the newborn’s body temperature is well controlled so that the newborn does not get cold or hot, but it requires a lot of thoughtful consideration from parents.

Photo 2-107. These days, children’s body temperature is often measured with an electronic thermometer. Copyright ⓒ 2011 John Sangwon Lee, MD., FAAP

• The electronic thermometer includes an electronic thermometer that measures in the external canal, An electronic thermometer that measures on the forehead,
• There are several types of electronic thermometers, such as the temporal artery electronic thermometer (www.exergen.com), which is measured in the temporal region.
• The finest instant ear thermometer, Brown ear thermometer, A digital thermometer, and the like will be mainly described here.
• Deluxe instant ear thermometer The finest instant ear thermometer can measure the temperature in the external canal in seconds.
• When the body temperature is measured, the light at the upper end of the thermometer turns on and a beep sounds, so it is easy to know that the body temperature has been measured.
• Since the previous body temperature is displayed on the thermometer, it is possible to compare the body temperature that was measured immediately with the body temperature that was measured before.
• After covering the tip of the thermometer with a probe cover enough to fit into the external ear canal, put the tip of the probe cover into the ear canal for 1 second and measure the body temperature.
• You can read your body temperature in Celsius and Fahrenheit at the same time.
• After taking the body temperature, the thermometer turns off automatically. It is sold for $29.99 at Walgreen pharmacies in the US (as of 2009).
• Braun ear thermometer With the Brown ear thermometer, you can measure your body temperature inside the external ear canal in seconds. When the body temperature is measured, a beep sounds. It can be used to measure the body temperature of men and women of all ages. By measuring the temperature radiated from the tympanic vessels, you can find out what your child’s body temperature is.
• It is sold for $47.59 at Walgreen Pharmacy in the US (as of 2009). Digital thermometer
• When you take your child’s temperature with a digital thermometer, a beep sounds.
• There is a device that can remember your previous body temperature. With this thermometer, you can measure your oral temperature, anal temperature, and armpit temperature.
• When taking your oral temperature It is important to take your oral temperature just before taking your temperature, avoid eating hot or cold foods that can raise or lower your oral temperature above normal, and without physical exercise to increase your temperature.
• In addition, take your body temperature without smoking.
•  If you put the tip of the thermometer with a probe cover and put it deep under your tongue for 60 seconds, you can measure your oral temperature.

When you take your anal temperature

• When measuring the temperature of infants and toddlers who cannot measure their body temperature in the oral cavity with a digital thermometer, they are usually measured in the anus.
• Also, even if it is not an infant, it is good to measure the anal body temperature in the anus when it is difficult to measure the oral temperature. When taking the anal temperature, cover the tip of the digital thermometer with a probe cover and apply lubricating jelly to it.
• Then, put about 1.25cm of the tip of the thermometer covered with the probe cover into the anus and measure the temperature.
• When you hear a beep, take the thermometer out of your anus.
• After use, discard the probe cover and clean the thermometer before storing it.

When you take your armpit temperature

• Lightly wipe your child’s armpits with a dry towel.
• Put the tip of the thermometer on the probe cover into your child’s armpit and wait for about 5 seconds or more to take your child’s body temperature.

Vicks speed read thermometer,

• Digital under 9-second thermometer,
• Easy read 10-second thermometer,
• Basal digital thermometer for ovulation Several types of electronic thermometers is available for purchase in the United States.
• Before buying and using an electronic thermometer, it is important to read the instructions carefully and measure your temperature accordingly.
• In addition to the electronic thermometer described above, there is also a Mercury-free oral thermometer.
• It would be a good idea to inquire about the use of what kind of electronic thermometer is good for regular health check-ups at the pediatrician.

( 12/2012  update

Thermometer options

A glass mercury thermometer was once a staple in most medicine cabinets. Today, mercury thermometers aren’t recommended because they can break and allow mercury to vaporize and be inhaled. When choosing a thermometer, consider these options:

• Digital thermometers. These thermometers use electronic heat sensors to record body temperature. They can be used in the rectum (rectal), mouth (oral) or armpit (axillary). Armpit temperatures are typically the least accurate of the three.
• Digital ear thermometers (tympanic membrane). These thermometers use an infrared scanner to measure the temperature inside the ear canal. Keep in mind that earwax or a small, curved ear canal can interfere with the accuracy of an ear thermometer temperature.
• Temporal artery thermometers. These thermometers use an infrared scanner to measure the temperature of the temporal artery in the forehead. This type of thermometer can be used even while a child is asleep.

Digital pacifier thermometers and fever strips are not recommended.

Safety tips

Carefully read the instructions that come with the thermometer. Before and after each use, clean the tip of the thermometer following the instructions for your particular thermometer. If you plan to use a digital thermometer to take a rectal temperature, get another digital thermometer for oral use. Label each thermometer, and don’t use the same thermometer in both places.

For safety — and to make sure the thermometer stays in place — never leave your child unattended while you’re taking his or her temperature.

Age guidelines

The best type of thermometer — or the best place to insert the thermometer, in some cases — depends on your child’s age.

• Birth to 3 months. Use a regular digital thermometer to take a rectal temperature. New research suggests that a temporal artery thermometer might also provide accurate readings in newborns.
• 3 months to 4 years. In this age range you can use a digital thermometer to take a rectal or an armpit temperature or you can use a temporal artery thermometer. However, wait until your baby is at least 6 months old to use a digital ear thermometer. If you use another type of thermometer to take a young child’s temperature and you’re in doubt about the results, take a rectal temperature.
• 4 years and older. By age 4, most kids can hold a digital thermometer under the tongue for the short time it takes to get an oral temperature reading. You can also use a digital thermometer to take an armpit temperature, or use a temporal artery thermometer or a digital ear thermometer.

How it’s done

• Rectal temperature. Turn on the digital thermometer and lubricate the tip of the thermometer with petroleum jelly. Lay your baby or child on his or her back, lift his or her thighs, and insert the lubricated thermometer 1/2 to 1 inch (1.3 to 2.5 centimeters) into the rectum. Alternatively, you can place your child on his or her belly on your lap or other firm surface. If you put your child belly down, put your hand against his or her lower back to hold the child in place.

  Never try to force a rectal thermometer past any resistance. Hold the thermometer in place until the thermometer signals that it’s done. Remove the thermometer and read the number.

• Oral temperature. Turn on the digital thermometer. Place the tip of the thermometer under your child’s tongue toward the back of the mouth and ask your child to keep his or her lips closed. Remove the thermometer when it signals that it’s done and read the number. If your child has been eating or drinking, wait 15 minutes to take his or her temperature by mouth.
• Armpit temperature. Turn on the digital thermometer. When you place the thermometer under your child’s armpit, make sure it touches skin — not clothing. While the device reads your child’s temperature, hug your child, keeping the side holding the thermometer against your chest. Keep the thermometer tightly in place until the thermometer signals that it’s done. Remove the thermometer and read the number.
• Ear temperature. Turn on the thermometer. Gently place the thermometer in your child’s ear. Follow the directions that come with the thermometer to ensure you insert the thermometer the proper distance into the ear canal. Hold the thermometer tightly in place until the thermometer signals that it’s done. Remove the thermometer and read the number.
• Temporal artery temperature. Turn on the thermometer. Gently sweep the thermometer across your child’s forehead. Remove the thermometer and read the number.

When reporting a temperature to your child’s doctor, give the reading and explain how the temperature was taken.

When to see a doctor

A fever is a common sign of illness, but that’s not necessarily a bad thing. In fact, fevers seem to play a key role in fighting infections. If your child is older than age 6 months and is drinking plenty of fluids, sleeping well and continuing to play, there’s usually no need to treat the fever.

If you want to give your child medication to treat a fever, stick to acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) until age 6 months. However, for children younger than age 3 months, don’t give acetaminophen until your baby has been seen by a doctor. Never give more acetaminophen than recommended on the label for your child. Be aware that some combination over-the-counter medications might contain acetaminophen as an ingredient.

If your child is age 6 months or older, ibuprofen (Advil, Children’s Motrin, others) is OK, too. Read the label carefully for proper dosage. Don’t use aspirin to treat a fever in anyone age 18 years or younger.

Your child has a fever if he or she:

• Has a rectal, ear or temporal artery temperature of 100.4 F (38 C) or higher
• Has an oral temperature of 100 F (37.8 C) or higher
• Has an armpit temperature of 99 F (37.2 C) or higher

Keep in mind that an armpit temperature might not be accurate. If you’re in doubt about an armpit temperature reading, use another method to confirm the results.

In general, contact your child’s doctor if:

• Your child is younger than age 3 months and has a rectal temperature of 100.4 F (38 C) or higher.
• Your child is age 3 to 6 months and has a temperature up to 102 F (38.9 C) and seems unusually irritable, lethargic or uncomfortable, or has a temperature higher than 102 F (38.9 C).
• Your child is age 6 to 24 months and has a temperature higher than 102 F (38.9 C) that lasts longer than one day but shows no other signs. If your child has other signs, such as a cold, cough or diarrhea, you might call your child’s doctor sooner based on the severity of the other signs. Souse: Mayor Clinic)

출처 및 참조 문헌 Sources and references

• NelsonTextbook of Pediatrics 22ND Ed
• The Harriet Lane Handbook 22ND Ed
• Growth and development of the children
• Red Book 32^nd Ed 2021-2024
• Neonatal Resuscitation, American Academy of Pediatrics

• Oral Health The Pediatric Clinics of North America, Stuart D.Josell
• Pediatric Oral Health Stuart Jose
• Ann L. Griffen, DDS, MS
• Atlas Pediatric Physical Diagnosis Frank A Oski

• Emergency Pediatrics A Guide to Ambulatory Care, Roger M. Barkin, Peter Rosen
• Gray’s Anatomy

• 제19권 소아청소년 안과 질환 참조문헌 및 출처
• Habilitation of The handicapped Child, The Pediatric Clinics of North America, Robert H Haslam, MD.,
• Pediatric Ophthalmology, The Pediatric Clinics of North America, Leonard B. Nelson, M.D.
• Pediatric Ophthalmology, The Pediatric Clinics of North America, Lois J. Martyn, M.D.
• Pediatric Ophthalmology, Edited by Robison D. Harley, M.D.
• The Pediatric Clinics of North America, David Tunkel, MD., Kenneth MD Grundfast, MD

Copyright ⓒ 2014 John Sangwon Lee, MD., FAAP

“부모도 반의사가 되어야 한다”-내용은 여러분들의 의사로부터 얻은 정보와 진료를 대신할 수 없습니다.

“The information contained in this publication should not be used as a substitute for the medical care and advice of your doctor. There may be variations in treatment that your doctor may recommend based on individual facts and circumstances.

“Parental education is the best medicine.